گونه هاي غير بومي

شرايط اكولو‍‍‍ژيكي و مصارف گونه هاي غير بومي

 

سالها است كه جنگلكاري با گونه هاي غير بومي مد نظر است البته بايد

 توجه شود كه از گونه هاي سازگار با رايط اكولوژيكي محل استفاده كرد

براي اين موضوع بهتر است كه عواملي را مورد نظر داشته باشيم  از

جمله: خواص ژنتيكي , گسترشگاه طبيعي, آب و هوا و خاك و

امراض و آفات و سرانجام مصارف عمده ي آن .البته عوامل ديگري از جمله

ارتفاع محل كاشت از سطح دريا و شيب زمين و وجهت آن ما را در كارمان

 ياري مي كند.

وقتي گونه اي وارد يك كشور مي شود به آن گونه ,  گونه ي معرفي

شده يا INTRODUCE  مي گويند.

گونه ي غير بومي را براي مصارفي چون توليد چوب صنعتي , ايجاد پوشش

 سبز , به عنوان گونه ي پيشگام , براي كاهش آلودگي هوا ,  جذب

CO2 هوا , افزايش تنوع زيستي به منطقه ي مورد استفاده مي آوردند.در

انتخاب گونه انتخاب پروونانس  شرط اساسي است .

پروونانس به منشا جغرافيايي بذر مي گويند .يعني بايد بدانيم بذر ما از

كجا مي آيد و پروونانس ما كجا است .با توجه به هدف براي انتخاب

گونه اقدام مي شود اگر هدف توليد چوب باشد به موارد زير بايد توجه

شود: مرغوبيت چوب, حجم توليدي چوب , قطر و ارتفاع آن, زنده ماني آن.

اگر بخواهيم گونه ي م پيشگام باشد :مقاومت زيادي داشته باشد ,

تاثير موثبتي روي خاك داشته باشد و شرايط استقرار پوشش طبيعي را

فراهم كند.

از جمله گونه هاي غير بومي كه مي توان در منطقه ي شمال كشور چون

 رامسر و رشت و نوشهر كاشت به قرار زير است :

   

                             Abies cilicica, Cilicica fir

                                 Abies concolor, White fir; Colorado fir

                                    Abies firma,Japanese fir; Momi fir

                                   Abies fraseri, Fraser fir

                                  Abies koreana, Korean fir

                               Abies lasiocarpa, Rocky mountain fir; Alpine fir

Abies nordmanniana, Nordman fir; Caucasian fir

Abies pinagene, Norway spruce

                                     Acer barbatum (Acer saccharum ssp. floridanum), Southern sugar maple; Florida maple

Acer buergeranum, Trident maple

Acer campestre, Hedge maple

Acer capillipes, Japanese strippedbark maple

                                                 Acer cappadocicum, Coliseum maple; Cappadocian maple

Acer cissifolium, Ivyleaved maple

Acer crataegifolium, Hawthorn maple

Acer diabolicum, Devil maple

Acer ginnala, Amur maple

Acer griseum, Paperbark maple

Acer japonica f. aconitifolium, Fernleaf maple

Acer japonicum, Fullmoon maple

                                               Acer leucoderme = Acer saccharum ssp. leucoderme, Calk maple; whitebarked maple

Acer maxmowiczianum, Nikko maple

                                                 Acer mono = Acer truncatum subsp. mono, Painted maple

Acer negundo, Boxelder

Acer nigrum, Black maple

Acer nikoense, Nikko maple

Acer nipponicum, Nippon maple

                                                 Acer palmatum 'Sangokaku', Coral bark Japanese maple

Acer palmatum, Japanese maple

Acer platanoides, Norway maple

Acer pseudoplatanus, Sycamore maple

Acer rubrum, Red maple

Acer rufinerve, Redvein maple; Snakebark maple

Acer saccharinum, Silver maple

Acer saccharum, Sugar maple

Acer sieboldiamum, Sielbold maple

Acer spicatum, Mountain maple

Acer tegmentosum, Manchu striped maple

Acer triflorum, Threeflower maple

Acer truncatum, Purple blow maple

Aesculus california, California buckeye

Aesculus glabra, Ohio buckeye

Aesculus hippocastamon, Common horsechestnut

Aesculus octandra (Aesculus flava), Yellow buckeye

Aesculus pavia, Red buckeye; Scarlet buckeye

Aesculus sylvatica = Aesculus georgiana, Painted buckeye

Aesculus x 'Arnoldiana', Arnold buckeye

Aesculus x 'Homestead', Homestead buckeye

Aesculus x carnea, Red horse chestnut

Ailanthus altissima, Tree of heaven

Albizia julibrissin, Mimosa

Albizia kalkora, Kalkora mimosa

Alnus glutinosa, Common alder; European alder; Black alder

Alnus hirsuta, Manchurian alder

Alnus japonica, Japanese alder

Alnus serrulata, Tag alder; Hazel alder

Alnus x hybrida, Hybrid alnus

                                  Amelanchier arborea var. arborea, Downy serviceberry; Shadblow

Amelanchier arborea, Downy serviceberry; Shadbush

Amelanchier canadensis, Shadbush serviceberry

Amelanchier laevis, Allegheney serviceberry

Amelanchier x grandiflora, Apple serviceberry

Aralia elata, Japanese angelica tree

Aralia spinosa, Hercules's club; Devil's walking stick

Arbutus menziesii, Madrone

Aronia arbutifolia, Red chokeberry; Chokeberry

Asimina triloba, Pawpaw

Betula grossa, Japanese cherry birch

Betula jacqemontii, Whitebarked Himalayan birch

Betula lenta, Sweet birch

Betula maximowicziona, Monarch birch

Betula nigra, River birch

Betula papyrifera, Paper birch; Canoe birch

Betula pendula, European white birch

                                         Betula platyphlla var. japonica 'Whitespire', Whitespire Japanese white birch

                                             Betula platyphylla var. japonica, Asian white birch; Japanese white birch

Betula platyphylla, Asian white birch

Bumelia lycioides, Buckthorn bumelia

                                                  Calocedrus decurrens, Incense ceder; California incense cedar

                                                   Carpinus betulus, European hornbeam; Musclewood; Ironwood

                                              Carpinus caroliniana, Ironwood; Musclewood; Amwerican hornbeam

Carpinus cordata, Heartleaf hornbeam

Carpinus japonica, Japanese hornbeam

Carpinus orientalis, Oriental hornbeam

Carya cordiformis, Bitternut hickory

Carya glabra, Pignut hickory

Carya illinoinensis, Pecan

Carya myristicaeformis, Nutmeg hickory

Carya ovata, Shagbark hickory

Carya tomentosa, Mocknut hickory; White hickory

Castanea dentata, American chestnut

Castanea pumila, Chinquapin

Castanea sative, Spanish chestnut

Catalpa bignonioides, Southern catalpa

Catalpa speciosa, Northern catalpa

                                                    Cedrela sinsensis = Toona sinensis, Chinese toom; Chinese cedrela

Cedrus atlantica 'Glauca', Blue Atlas cedar

Cedrus atlantica, Atlas cedar

Cedrus deodara, Deodar cedar

Cedrus libani, Cedar of Lebanon

Celtis laevigata, Hackberry; Sugarberry

Cercidiphyllum japonicium, Katsura tree

                                                     Cercis californica ssp. californica, Western red bud; California redbud

Cercis canadensis ssp. mexicana, Mexican redbud

Cercis canadensis ssp. retisus, Oklahoma redbud

Cercis canadensis ssp. texensis, Texas redbud

Cercis canadensis, Eastern redbud

Cercis chinensis, Chinese redbud

Cercis chingii, Redbud

Cercis giganteta, Giant redbud

Cercis racemosa, Chain flowered redbud

Cercis siliquastrum, Mediterranean redbud

Cercis yunnanensis, Yunnan redbud

Chamaecypari obtusa, Hinoki falsecypress

                                                     Chamaecyparis pisifera, Japanese falsecypress; Sawara falsecypress

Chamaecyparis thyoides, Atlantic whitecedar

Chionanthus retusus, Chinese fringetree

Chionanthus virginicus, Fringe tree; Oldman's beard

Cladrastis lutea, Yellowwood

Clerodendrum trichotomum, Harlequin glorybower

Cliftonia monophylla, Buckwheat tree

                                                       Cornus alternifolia, Alternateleaved dogwood; Pagoda dogwood

Cornus controversa, Giant dogwood

Cornus florida, Flowering dogwood

Cornus hybrids, Dogwood, Stellar hybrids

Cornus kousa, Kousa dogwood

Cornus mas, Cornelain cherry dogwood

Cornus officinalis, Japanese cornel dogwood

Cornus sanguinea, Bloodtwig dogwood

Corylorsis glabrescens, Fragrant winterhazel

Corylus avellana, European filbert

Cotinus coggygria, Smoketree

Crataegus crusgallii, Cockspur hawthorn

Crataegus mollis, Downy hawthorn

Crataegus oxycantha = C. laevigata, English hawthorn

Crataegus phaenopyrum, Washington hawthorn

Crataegus pinnatifida, Crataegus

Crataegus x lavalleri, Carriere hawthorn; Lavallei

Crategus virdis 'Winter King', Washington hawthorn

Cryptomeria japonica, Japanese cryptomeria; Japanese cedar

Cunninghamia lanceolata, China fir

Cupressus sempervirens, Italian cypress

Cydonia sinensis = Pseudocydonia sisensis, Chinese quince

Cyressus arizonica, Arizona cypress